Biography of William Byrd

( Sumber : http://www.poemhunter.com/william-byrd/biography/ )


English composer, born in London in 1542 or 1543; died 4 July, 1623. He was the son of a musician, and studied music principally under Thomas Tallis. He became organist at Lincoln Cathedral in 1563, chorister in the Chapel Royal in 1570, and in 1575 received the title of "Organist of the Chapel Royal" without being obliged to perform the functions of that office.

Byrd was the most distinguished contrapuntist and the most prolific composer of his time in England. Fétis calls him the English Palestrina. He was the first Englishman to write madrigals, a form which originated in Italy in the thirteenth century, and received its highest development in the sixteenth century at the hands of Arcadelt and other masters.
An organist and performer of the first order upon the virginals, Byrd wrote for the latter instrument an enormous number of compositions, many of which are played today. His chief significance lies, however, in his compositions for the Church, of which he produced a great many.

In 1607 he published a collection of gradualia for the whole ecclesiastical year, among which is to be found a three-part setting of the words of the multitude in the Passion according to St. John. A modern edition of this setting was published in 1899. In 1611 "Psalms, Songs and Sonnets, Some Solemn, Others Joyful, Framed to the Life of the Words, Fit for Voyces or Viols, etc." appeared. Probably in the same year was issued "Parthenia", a collection of virginal music, in which Byrd collaborated with J. Bull and Orlando Gibbons.
Three masses -- for three, four, and five voices, respectively -- belong to the composer's best period. The one for five voices was reprinted by the Musical Antiquarian Society in 1841, and in 1899 the same work was issued by Breitkopf and Hartel. Two of his motets, "Domine, ne irascaris" and "Civitas sancti tui", with English texts, are in the repertoire of most Anglican cathedrals.

In spite of the harrowing religious conditions under which he lived, in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and James I, Byrd remained faithful to his principles and duties as a Catholic, as is shown in his life and by his works. In his last will and testament he prays "that he may live and dye a true and perfect member of the Holy Catholike Churche withoute which I beleeve there is noe salvacon for me".

Sejarah Band GreenDay

Green Day adalah sebuah kelompok musik bergenre punk rock yang berasal dari California, Amerika Serikat dan terdiri atas Billie Joe Armstrong (penyanyi utama, gitaris), Mike Dirnt (basis, penyanyi pendukung), dan Tré Cool (pemain drum, penyanyi pendukung). Green Day telah diakui di dunia musik karena keberhasilan mereka dalam mengembalikan dan membuat genre punk rock kembali terkenal, bersama-sama dengan grup musik tahun 1990-an seperti The Offspring dan Rancid.

Musik mereka telah mempengaruhi banyak kelompok musik beraliran punk lain, seperti Blink 182 dan Good Charlotte.



Kisah bermulai dari seorang anak bernama Billie Joe Armstrong yang memasuki tahun kelimanya di sekolah dengan bertemu dengan Michael Ryan Pritchard (Mike Dirnt) seorang anak yang rusuh berantakan dan yang terbaik, dia adalah seorang Punk. Mike memberi pelajaran apa yang disebut cinta dan punk kepada Billie, dan dengan musik mereka menjadi menyatu dan memutuskan bermain musik bersama. Lalu Billie dan Mike memulai suatu band bernama "Sweet Children".

Mike Memutuskan untuk tinggal bersama billie karena Ibunya memutuskan untuk pindah dari Bay Area karena masalah keuangan, jadilah Mike yang tinggal di garasi milik Bille.

Bille dan Mike pun mendengar suatu tempat yang tidak jauh dari tempat tinggalnya, suatu tempat dimana semua Punker berkumpul untuk bersatu dalam musik, suatu tempat dimana dahulunya hanyalah sebuah club kecil, sampai sekarang, tempat itu bernama "Gilman".

Gig Pertama mereka di Gilman tidak terlalu disenangi karena mereka pikir "Sweet Children" terlalu "Pop" untuk didengar para manusia pecinta musik "Hardcore Punk". dan akhirnya mereka bertemu John Kiffmeyer, (aka Al Sobrante) untuk bergabung bersama "Sweet Children"

Sempat tidak disukai dan tidak diingat oleh masyarakat "Gilman" dan hampir frustasi karena mereka sudah mengorbankan semuanya, sampai-sampai Billie Joe dikeluarkan oleh sekolahnya, akhirnya John turun tangan, dia berusaha keras mendapatkan show untuk "Sweet Children" dan mengurus semua uang pengeluaran yang dikeluarkan untuk mendaftar dalam show. Lalu John juga memanggil Lawrence Livermore pemilik Lookout! record untuk meliha "Sweet Children" bermain, dan ternya Lawrence menyukainya dan bertanya kepada billie, apakah mereka ingin membuat suatu album, Billie setuju.

Sesaat sebelum mereka merilis single berjudul "1000 Hours", "Sweet Children" berganti nama menjadi "Green day" yang mereka dapatkan saat mereka hanya bisa duduk seharian dan menghisap ganja. Lawrence sangat marah mendengar hal ini, tapi itu semua mereka kerjakan untuk yang terbaik. Dan setahun setelah muncul Green day, album pertama mereka yang bernama 39/Smooth akhirnya rilis. Green day sangat disukai saat itu, dan setelah Mike lulus dari Pinole Valley High School mereka melakukan tur selama 45 hari.

Green day rela tidur di basement orang supaya musiknya didengar, dan menjual kasu dan albumnya untuk bayar makan dan membeli bensin untuk mobil yang mereka pakai untuk tur. Tapi suatu masalah besar datang, John meninggalkan band untuk melanjutkan sekolahnya dan John sama sekali tidak memberi tahu Green day, Billie hanya tahu dari seorang teman, Billie sangat marah dan tidak bilang kepada John bahwa dia sudah digantikan dengan seorang drummer yang diperkenalkan oleh Lawrence yang bernama Frank Edwin Wright the III, yang sekarang lebih dikenal sebagai Tre Cool.

Grup musik ini telah menjual lebih dari 50 juta album di Amerika Serikat dan lebih dari 100 juta album di seluruh dunia. Green Day telah memenangkan berbagai penghargaan, seperti MTV Video Music Awards dan Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, juga berbagai penghargaan lainnya, serta telah memenangkan 3 Grammy Awards (Best Alternative ALbum untuk Dookie, Best Rock Album untuk American Idiot dan Record of the Year untuk Boulevard of Broken Dreams).
  
(sumber : http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=7006794)

Spoiler for 1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours:

* Terbit: 1 Juli 1991
* Penjualan: Worldwide: RIAA certification: Gold
* Label: Lookout! Records
* Produser: Green Day dan Andy Ernst

Tracks: At the Library, Don't Leave Me, I Was There, Disappearing Boy, Green Day, Going to Pasalacqua, 16, Road to Acceptance, Rest, The Judge's Daughter, Paper Lanterns, Why Do You Want Him?, 409 in Your Coffeemaker, Knowledge, 1000 Hours, Dry Ice, Only of You, The One I Want, I Want to Be Alone

Spoiler for Kerplunk:

* Terbit: 7 Januari 1992
* Penjualan: RIAA certification: Platinum
* Label: Lookout! Records
* Produser: Green Day dan Andy Ernst

Lagu: 2000 Light Years Away, One For the Razorbacks, Welcome to Paradise, Christie Road, Private Ale, Dominated Love Slave, One of My Lies, 80, Android, No One Knows, Who Wrote Holden Caulfield, Words I Might Have Ate, Sweet Children, Best Thing in Town, Strangeland, My Generation

Spoiler for Dookie:

* Terbit: 1 Februari 1994
* Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album 1995
* Chart positions: #2 US, #13 UK, #4 GER
* Sales: Worldwide: 15 million[3], RIAA certification: 10x Platinum (Diamond), UK 2x Platinum (600,000)
* Label: Reprise Records
* Produser: Green Day dan Rob Cavallo

Lagu: Burnout, Having a Blast, Chump, Longview, Welcome to Paradise, Pulling Teeth, Basket Case, She, Sassafras Roots, When I Come Around, Coming Clean, Emenius Sleepus, In the End, F.O.D./All By Myself

Spoiler for insomniac:

* Terbit: 10 Oktober 1995
* Chart positions: #2 US, #8 UK, #12 GER
* Penjualan: Worldwide: RIAA certification: 2x Platinum, UK: Silver (60,000)
* Label: Reprise Records
* Produser: Green Day dan Rob Cavallo

Lagu: Armatage Shanks, Brat, Stuck With Me, Geek Stink Breath, No Pride, Babs Uvula Who?, 86, Panic Song, Stuart and the Ave., Brain Stew, Jaded, Westbound Sign, Tight Wad Hill, Walking Contradiction

Spoiler for Nimrod:

* Terbit: 14 Oktober 1997
* Chart positions: #10 US, #3 AUS, #11 UK, #31 GER
* Penjualan: RIAA certification: 2x Platinum, UK: Silver
* Label: Reprise Records
* Produser: Green Day dan Rob Cavallo

Lagu: Nice Guys Finish Last, Hitchin' a Ride, The Grouch, Redundant, Scattered, All the Time, Worry Rock, Platypus (I Hate You), Uptight, Last Ride in, Jinx, Haushinka, Walking Alone, Reject, Take Back, King for a Day, Good Riddance (Time of Your Life), Prosthetic Head

Spoiler for Warning:

* Terbit: 3 Oktober 2000
* Chart position: #4 US, #4 UK, #7 AUS, #21 GER
* Penjualan: Worldwide: RIAA certification: Platinum, UK: Gold (100,000)
* Label: Reprise Records
* Produser: Green Day

Lagu: Warning, Blood, Sex, and Booze, Church on Sunday, Fashion Victim, Castaway, Misery, Deadbeat Holiday, Hold On, Jackass, Waiting, Minority, Macy's Day Parade

Spoiler for International Superhits:

* Terbit: 13 November 2001
* Chart position: #40 US, #15 UK, #11 AUS, #67 GER
* Penjualan: Worldwide: RIAA certification: Platinum, UK: Platinum (300,000)
* Label: Reprise Records
* Produser: Tracks 1-2 by Jerry Finn and Green Day, Tracks 3-15 by Rob Cavallo and Green Day, Tracks 16-21 by Green Day

Lagu: Maria, Poprocks and Coke, Longview, Welcome to Paradise, Basket Case, When I Come Around, She, J.A.R. (Jason Andrew Relva), Geek Stink Breath, Brain Stew, Jaded, Walking Contradiction, Stuck With Me, Hitchin' a Ride, Good Riddance (Time of Your Life), Redundant, Nice Guys Finish Last, Minority, Warning, Waiting, Macy's Day Parade

Spoiler for Shenanigans:

* Terbit: 2 Juli 2002
* Chart position: #27 US, #32 UK, #100 GER
* Penjualan: Worldwide: 2 million
* Label: Reprise Records
* Produser: Green Day and Rob Cavallo

Lagu: Suffocate, Desensitized, You Lied, Outsider, Don't Wanna Fall in Love, Espionage, I Want to Be on TV, Scumbag, Tired of Waiting for You, Sick of Me, Rotting, Do Da Da, On The Wagon, Ha Ha You're Dead